Competition rules are one useful way to understand how traditions approach distance, contact and technique.
組手
From controlled point scoring to full-contact knockdown events, karate competition has more than one language. This guide introduces the broad formats.
Rules differ between organisations, events and age groups. Always check the official regulations for the specific competition you are entering or watching.
01 - CONTACT
A full-contact karate bout illustrating controlled body contact in competition.
Full-contact / knockdown
Competitors use continuous contact within the rule set. Victory may be based on knockdown, a visible advantage, judges' decision or accumulated penalties.
ContactFull contactOutcomeKnockdown or decisionFocusConditioning and enduranceNotePermitted targets vary
02 - JUDGED TECHNIQUE
A non-contact karate exchange demonstrating distance, precision and controlled technique.
Non-contact
Competitors do not strike the opponent. Officials judge whether a technique has been delivered with sufficient control, form and decisive intent.
ContactNo contactOutcomeOfficials' decisionFocusControl and techniqueNoteCriteria vary by event
03 - POINT SCORING
Contact point sparring with protective equipment and controlled permitted contact.
Point sparring - Contact
Competitors make permitted contact to score. The allowed target areas, protective equipment and acceptable level of contact are defined by the event rules.
ContactPermitted contactOutcomePoints or decisionFocusTiming and accuracyNoteEquipment may be required
04 - POINT SCORING
Non-contact point sparring demonstrating scoring distance without physical contact.
Point sparring - Non-contact
Competitors demonstrate a controlled technique without making contact. Points are awarded when officials recognise a valid technique under the competition criteria.
ContactNo contactOutcomePoints or decisionFocusDistance and controlNoteOften called semi-contact
05 - PERFORMANCE
A kata competitor demonstrating stance, balance and controlled technique before the judges.
Kata competition
Competitors perform a prescribed form. Judges assess technique, balance, power, rhythm and athletic execution according to the governing rules.
ContactNo opponent contactOutcomeJudges' scoreFocusForm and expressionFormatsIndividual or team
06 - WEAPONS & DEMONSTRATION
A solo kobudo demonstration using a bo staff with control and coordination.
Kobudo and enbu
Some events feature weapons, paired demonstrations or group performance. Requirements depend strongly on the host organisation and safety rules.
EquipmentMay include weaponsOutcomeJudges' scoreFocusControl and coordinationNoteEvent-specific rules
